Abstract
Background: Rapid Invisible Frequency Tagging (RIFT) enables neural frequency tagging at rates above the flicker fusion threshold, eliciting steady-state responses to flicker that is almost imperceptible. While RIFT has proven valuable for studying visuospatial attention, it has so far relied on costly projector systems, typically in combination with magnetoencephalography (MEG). The recent emergence of high-speed organic light-emitting diode (OLED) monitors for consumers suggests that RIFT may also be feasible with much more accessible hardware.
New method: Here, we provide a proof-of-concept demonstrating successful RIFT using a consumer-grade 480 Hz OLED monitor in combination with electroencephalography (EEG). We also share practical recommendations for achieving precise stimulus timing at 480 Hz with minimal frame drops.
Results: In a central fixation task, participants viewed a tapered disc stimulus flickering either centrally or peripherally. Luminance was modulated sinusoidally at 60 Hz or 64 Hz, frequencies at which the flicker was barely visible. Photodiode recordings confirmed that the monitor delivered accurate frame timing with few dropped frames. Cross-coherence analysis between occipital EEG channels and a photodiode revealed robust, frequency-specific neural tagging responses for central stimuli at both frequencies. In comparison, weaker coherence was observed for 60 Hz peripheral flicker.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that RIFT can be reliably implemented using affordable stimulation hardware, a low-density EEG montage, and a minimal processing pipeline. We hope that this lowers barriers to entry, facilitating broader use of RIFT in basic research and in applied settings where cost and portability matter
Authors
Dimigen, O., Badea, I., Simon, I., & Span, M. M.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110660